Class: AMQP::Client::Connection::Channel

Inherits:
Object
  • Object
show all
Defined in:
lib/amqp/client/channel.rb

Overview

AMQP Channel

Queue collapse

QueueOk =

Response when declaring a Queue

Data.define(:queue_name, :message_count, :consumer_count)

Basic collapse

ConsumeOk =

Response when subscribing (starting a consumer)

Data.define(:channel_id, :consumer_tag, :worker_threads, :msg_q, :on_cancel)

Queue collapse

Basic collapse

Instance Attribute Summary collapse

Exchange collapse

Queue collapse

Basic collapse

Confirm collapse

Transaction collapse

Instance Method Summary collapse

Instance Attribute Details

#channel_idInteger

Returns The channel ID.

Returns:

  • (Integer)

    The channel ID



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# File 'lib/amqp/client/channel.rb', line 322

ConsumeOk = Data.define(:channel_id, :consumer_tag, :worker_threads, :msg_q, :on_cancel)

#connectionConnection (readonly)

Connection this channel belongs to

Returns:



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# File 'lib/amqp/client/channel.rb', line 45

def connection
  @connection
end

#consumer_countInteger

Returns Number of consumers subscribed to the queue at the time of declaration.

Returns:

  • (Integer)

    Number of consumers subscribed to the queue at the time of declaration



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# File 'lib/amqp/client/channel.rb', line 163

QueueOk = Data.define(:queue_name, :message_count, :consumer_count)

#consumer_tagString

Returns The consumer tag.

Returns:

  • (String)

    The consumer tag



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# File 'lib/amqp/client/channel.rb', line 322

ConsumeOk = Data.define(:channel_id, :consumer_tag, :worker_threads, :msg_q, :on_cancel)

#idInteger (readonly)

Channel ID

Returns:

  • (Integer)


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# File 'lib/amqp/client/channel.rb', line 41

def id
  @id
end

#message_countInteger

Returns Number of messages in the queue at the time of declaration.

Returns:

  • (Integer)

    Number of messages in the queue at the time of declaration



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# File 'lib/amqp/client/channel.rb', line 163

QueueOk = Data.define(:queue_name, :message_count, :consumer_count)

#queue_nameString

Returns The name of the queue.

Returns:

  • (String)

    The name of the queue



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# File 'lib/amqp/client/channel.rb', line 163

QueueOk = Data.define(:queue_name, :message_count, :consumer_count)

#worker_threadsArray<Thread>

Returns Array of worker threads.

Returns:

  • (Array<Thread>)

    Array of worker threads



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# File 'lib/amqp/client/channel.rb', line 322

ConsumeOk = Data.define(:channel_id, :consumer_tag, :worker_threads, :msg_q, :on_cancel)

Instance Method Details

#basic_ack(delivery_tag, multiple: false) ⇒ nil

Acknowledge a message

Parameters:

  • delivery_tag (Integer)

    The delivery tag of the message to acknowledge

  • multiple (Boolean) (defaults to: false)

    Ack all messages up to this message

Returns:

  • (nil)


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# File 'lib/amqp/client/channel.rb', line 411

def basic_ack(delivery_tag, multiple: false)
  write_bytes FrameBytes.basic_ack(@id, delivery_tag, multiple)
  nil
end

#basic_cancel(consumer_tag, no_wait: false) ⇒ nil

Cancel/abort/stop a consumer

Parameters:

  • consumer_tag (String)

    Tag of the consumer to cancel

  • no_wait (Boolean) (defaults to: false)

    Will wait for a confirmation from the broker that the consumer is cancelled

Returns:

  • (nil)


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# File 'lib/amqp/client/channel.rb', line 385

def basic_cancel(consumer_tag, no_wait: false)
  consumer = @consumers[consumer_tag]
  return unless consumer

  write_bytes FrameBytes.basic_cancel(@id, consumer_tag)
  expect(:basic_cancel_ok) unless no_wait
  @consumers.delete(consumer_tag)
  close_consumer(consumer)
  nil
end

#basic_consume(queue, tag: "", no_ack: true, exclusive: false, no_wait: false, arguments: {}, worker_threads: 1, on_cancel: nil) {|Message| ... } ⇒ ConsumeOk?

Consume messages from a queue

Parameters:

  • queue (String)

    Name of the queue to subscribe to

  • tag (String) (defaults to: "")

    Custom consumer tag, will be auto assigned by the broker if empty. Has to be unique among this channel’s consumers only

  • no_ack (Boolean) (defaults to: true)

    When false messages have to be manually acknowledged (or rejected)

  • exclusive (Boolean) (defaults to: false)

    When true only a single consumer can consume from the queue at a time

  • arguments (Hash) (defaults to: {})

    Custom arguments for the consumer

  • worker_threads (Integer) (defaults to: 1)

    Number of threads processing messages, 0 means that the thread calling this method will process the messages and thus this method will block

  • on_cancel (Proc) (defaults to: nil)

    Optional proc that will be called if the consumer is cancelled by the broker The proc will be called with the consumer tag as the only argument

Yields:

  • (Message)

    Delivered message from the queue

Returns:

  • (ConsumeOk)
  • (nil)

    When ‘worker_threads` is 0 the method will return when the consumer is cancelled

Raises:

  • (ArgumentError)


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# File 'lib/amqp/client/channel.rb', line 338

def basic_consume(queue, tag: "", no_ack: true, exclusive: false, no_wait: false,
                  arguments: {}, worker_threads: 1, on_cancel: nil, &blk)
  raise ArgumentError, "consumer_tag required when no_wait" if no_wait && tag.empty?

  write_bytes FrameBytes.basic_consume(@id, queue, tag, no_ack, exclusive, no_wait, arguments)
  consumer_tag, = expect(:basic_consume_ok) unless no_wait
  msg_q = ::Queue.new
  if worker_threads.zero?
    @consumers[consumer_tag] =
      ConsumeOk.new(channel_id: @id, consumer_tag:, worker_threads: [], msg_q:, on_cancel:)
    consume_loop(msg_q, consumer_tag, &blk)
    nil
  else
    threads = Array.new(worker_threads) do
      Thread.new { consume_loop(msg_q, consumer_tag, &blk) }
    end
    @consumers[consumer_tag] =
      ConsumeOk.new(channel_id: @id, consumer_tag:, worker_threads: threads, msg_q:, on_cancel:)
  end
end

#basic_consume_once(queue, timeout: nil) { ... } ⇒ Message

Consume a single message from a queue

Parameters:

  • queue (String)

    Name of the queue to subscribe to

  • timeout (Numeric, nil) (defaults to: nil)

    Number of seconds to wait for a message

Yields:

  • Block in which the message will be yielded

Returns:

  • (Message)

    The single message received from the queue

Raises:

  • (Timeout::Error)

    if no response is received within the timeout period



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# File 'lib/amqp/client/channel.rb', line 365

def basic_consume_once(queue, timeout: nil, &)
  tag = "consume-once-#{rand(1024)}"
  write_bytes FrameBytes.basic_consume(@id, queue, tag, true, false, true, nil)
  msg_q = ::Queue.new
  @consumers[tag] =
    ConsumeOk.new(channel_id: @id, consumer_tag: tag, worker_threads: [], msg_q:, on_cancel: nil)
  yield if block_given?
  msg = msg_q.pop(timeout:)
  write_bytes FrameBytes.basic_cancel(@id, tag, no_wait: true)
  consumer = @consumers.delete(tag)
  close_consumer(consumer)
  raise Timeout::Error, "No message received in #{timeout} seconds" if timeout && msg.nil?

  msg
end

#basic_get(queue_name, no_ack: true) ⇒ Message?

Get a message from a queue (by polling)

Parameters:

  • queue_name (String)
  • no_ack (Boolean) (defaults to: true)

    When false the message have to be manually acknowledged

Returns:

  • (Message)

    If the queue had a message

  • (nil)

    If the queue doesn’t have any messages



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# File 'lib/amqp/client/channel.rb', line 242

def basic_get(queue_name, no_ack: true)
  write_bytes FrameBytes.basic_get(@id, queue_name, no_ack)
  case (msg = @basic_gets.pop)
  when Message then msg
  when :basic_get_empty then nil
  when nil              then raise Error::Closed.new(@id, *@closed)
  end
end

#basic_nack(delivery_tag, multiple: false, requeue: false) ⇒ nil

Negatively acknowledge a message

Parameters:

  • delivery_tag (Integer)

    The delivery tag of the message to acknowledge

  • multiple (Boolean) (defaults to: false)

    Nack all messages up to this message

  • requeue (Boolean) (defaults to: false)

    Requeue the message

Returns:

  • (nil)


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# File 'lib/amqp/client/channel.rb', line 421

def basic_nack(delivery_tag, multiple: false, requeue: false)
  write_bytes FrameBytes.basic_nack(@id, delivery_tag, multiple, requeue)
  nil
end

#basic_publish(body, exchange:, routing_key: "", **properties) ⇒ nil

Publishes a message to an exchange

Parameters:

  • body (String)

    The body

  • exchange (String)

    Name of the exchange to publish to

  • routing_key (String) (defaults to: "")

    The routing key that the exchange might use to route the message to a queue

  • properties (Properties)

Options Hash (**properties):

  • mandatory (Boolean)

    The message will be returned if the message can’t be routed to a queue

  • persistent (Boolean)

    Same as delivery_mode: 2

  • content_type (String)

    Content type of the message body

  • content_encoding (String)

    Content encoding of the body

  • headers (Hash<String, Object>)

    Custom headers

  • delivery_mode (Integer)

    2 for persisted message, transient messages for all other values

  • priority (Integer)

    A priority of the message (between 0 and 255)

  • correlation_id (String)

    A correlation id, most often used used for RPC communication

  • reply_to (String)

    Queue to reply RPC responses to

  • expiration (Integer, String)

    Number of seconds the message will stay in the queue

  • message_id (String)

    Can be used to uniquely identify the message, e.g. for deduplication

  • timestamp (Date)

    Often used for the time the message was originally generated

  • type (String)

    Can indicate what kind of message this is

  • user_id (String)

    Can be used to verify that this is the user that published the message

  • app_id (String)

    Can be used to indicates which app that generated the message

Returns:

  • (nil)


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# File 'lib/amqp/client/channel.rb', line 272

def basic_publish(body, exchange:, routing_key: "", **properties)
  body_max = @connection.frame_max - 8
  id = @id
  mandatory = properties.delete(:mandatory) || false
  case properties.delete(:persistent)
  when true then properties[:delivery_mode] = 2
  when false then properties[:delivery_mode] = 1
  end
  if @confirm
    @unconfirmed_lock.synchronize do
      @unconfirmed.push @confirm += 1
    end
  end
  if body.bytesize.between?(1, body_max)
    write_bytes FrameBytes.basic_publish(id, exchange, routing_key, mandatory),
                FrameBytes.header(id, body.bytesize, properties),
                FrameBytes.body(id, body)
    return
  end

  write_bytes FrameBytes.basic_publish(id, exchange, routing_key, mandatory),
              FrameBytes.header(id, body.bytesize, properties)
  pos = 0
  while pos < body.bytesize # split body into multiple frame_max frames
    len = [body_max, body.bytesize - pos].min
    body_part = body.byteslice(pos, len)
    write_bytes FrameBytes.body(id, body_part)
    pos += len
  end
  nil
end

#basic_publish_confirm(body, exchange:, routing_key: "", **properties) ⇒ Boolean

Publish a message and block until the message has confirmed it has received it

Parameters:

  • body (String)

    The body

  • exchange (String)

    Name of the exchange to publish to

  • routing_key (String) (defaults to: "")

    The routing key that the exchange might use to route the message to a queue

  • properties (Properties)

Options Hash (**properties):

  • mandatory (Boolean)

    The message will be returned if the message can’t be routed to a queue

  • persistent (Boolean)

    Same as delivery_mode: 2

  • content_type (String)

    Content type of the message body

  • content_encoding (String)

    Content encoding of the body

  • headers (Hash<String, Object>)

    Custom headers

  • delivery_mode (Integer)

    2 for persisted message, transient messages for all other values

  • priority (Integer)

    A priority of the message (between 0 and 255)

  • correlation_id (String)

    A correlation id, most often used used for RPC communication

  • reply_to (String)

    Queue to reply RPC responses to

  • expiration (Integer, String)

    Number of seconds the message will stay in the queue

  • message_id (String)

    Can be used to uniquely identify the message, e.g. for deduplication

  • timestamp (Date)

    Often used for the time the message was originally generated

  • type (String)

    Can indicate what kind of message this is

  • user_id (String)

    Can be used to verify that this is the user that published the message

  • app_id (String)

    Can be used to indicates which app that generated the message

Returns:

  • (Boolean)

    True if the message was successfully published



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# File 'lib/amqp/client/channel.rb', line 309

def basic_publish_confirm(body, exchange:, routing_key: "", **properties)
  confirm_select(no_wait: true)
  basic_publish(body, exchange:, routing_key:, **properties)
  wait_for_confirms
end

#basic_qos(prefetch_count, prefetch_size: 0, global: false) ⇒ nil

Specify how many messages to prefetch for consumers with ‘no_ack: false`

Parameters:

  • prefetch_count (Integer)

    Number of messages to maximum keep in flight

  • prefetch_size (Integer) (defaults to: 0)

    Number of bytes to maximum keep in flight

  • global (Boolean) (defaults to: false)

    If true the limit will apply to channel rather than the consumer

Returns:

  • (nil)


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# File 'lib/amqp/client/channel.rb', line 401

def basic_qos(prefetch_count, prefetch_size: 0, global: false)
  write_bytes FrameBytes.basic_qos(@id, prefetch_size, prefetch_count, global)
  expect :basic_qos_ok
  nil
end

#basic_recover(requeue: false) ⇒ nil

Recover all the unacknowledge messages

Parameters:

  • requeue (Boolean) (defaults to: false)

    If false the currently unack:ed messages will be deliviered to this consumer again, if true to any consumer

Returns:

  • (nil)


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# File 'lib/amqp/client/channel.rb', line 439

def basic_recover(requeue: false)
  write_bytes FrameBytes.basic_recover(@id, requeue:)
  expect :basic_recover_ok
  nil
end

#basic_reject(delivery_tag, requeue: false) ⇒ nil

Reject a message

Parameters:

  • delivery_tag (Integer)

    The delivery tag of the message to acknowledge

  • requeue (Boolean) (defaults to: false)

    Requeue the message into the queue again

Returns:

  • (nil)


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# File 'lib/amqp/client/channel.rb', line 430

def basic_reject(delivery_tag, requeue: false)
  write_bytes FrameBytes.basic_reject(@id, delivery_tag, requeue)
  nil
end

#close(reason: "", code: 200) ⇒ nil

Gracefully close channel

Parameters:

  • reason (String) (defaults to: "")

    The reason for closing the channel

  • code (Integer) (defaults to: 200)

    The close code

Returns:

  • (nil)


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# File 'lib/amqp/client/channel.rb', line 63

def close(reason: "", code: 200)
  return if @closed

  write_bytes FrameBytes.channel_close(@id, reason, code)
  @closed = [:channel, code, reason]
  expect :channel_close_ok
  @replies.close
  @basic_gets.close
  @unconfirmed_lock.synchronize { @unconfirmed_empty.broadcast }
  @consumers.each_value { |c| close_consumer(c) }
  nil
end

#confirm_select(no_wait: false) ⇒ nil

Put the channel in confirm mode, each published message will then be confirmed by the broker

Parameters:

  • no_wait (Boolean) (defaults to: false)

    If false the method will block until the broker has confirmed the request

Returns:

  • (nil)


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# File 'lib/amqp/client/channel.rb', line 451

def confirm_select(no_wait: false)
  return if @confirm # fast path

  @unconfirmed_lock.synchronize do
    # check again in case another thread already did this while we waited for the lock
    return if @confirm

    write_bytes FrameBytes.confirm_select(@id, no_wait)
    expect :confirm_select_ok unless no_wait
    @confirm = 0
  end
  nil
end

#exchange_bind(source:, destination:, binding_key:, arguments: {}) ⇒ nil

Bind an exchange to another exchange

Parameters:

  • source (String)

    Name of the source exchange

  • destination (String)

    Name of the destination exchange

  • binding_key (String)

    Binding key on which messages that match might be routed (depending on exchange type)

  • arguments (Hash) (defaults to: {})

    Message headers to match on, but only when bound to header exchanges

Returns:

  • (nil)


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# File 'lib/amqp/client/channel.rb', line 135

def exchange_bind(source:, destination:, binding_key:, arguments: {})
  write_bytes FrameBytes.exchange_bind(@id, destination, source, binding_key, false, arguments)
  expect :exchange_bind_ok
  nil
end

#exchange_declare(name, type:, passive: false, durable: true, auto_delete: false, internal: false, arguments: {}) ⇒ nil

Declare an exchange

Parameters:

  • name (String)

    Name of the exchange

  • type (String)

    Type of exchange (amq.direct, amq.fanout, amq.topic, amq.headers, etc.)

  • passive (Boolean) (defaults to: false)

    If true raise an exception if the exchange doesn’t already exists

  • durable (Boolean) (defaults to: true)

    If true the exchange will persist between broker restarts, also a requirement for persistent messages

  • auto_delete (Boolean) (defaults to: false)

    If true the exchange will be deleted when the last queue/exchange is unbound

  • internal (Boolean) (defaults to: false)

    If true the exchange can’t be published to directly

  • arguments (Hash) (defaults to: {})

    Custom arguments

Returns:

  • (nil)


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# File 'lib/amqp/client/channel.rb', line 112

def exchange_declare(name, type:, passive: false, durable: true, auto_delete: false, internal: false, arguments: {})
  write_bytes FrameBytes.exchange_declare(@id, name, type, passive, durable, auto_delete, internal, arguments)
  expect :exchange_declare_ok
  nil
end

#exchange_delete(name, if_unused: false, no_wait: false) ⇒ nil

Delete an exchange

Parameters:

  • name (String)

    Name of the exchange

  • if_unused (Boolean) (defaults to: false)

    If true raise an exception if queues/exchanges is bound to this exchange

  • no_wait (Boolean) (defaults to: false)

    If true don’t wait for a broker confirmation

Returns:

  • (nil)


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# File 'lib/amqp/client/channel.rb', line 123

def exchange_delete(name, if_unused: false, no_wait: false)
  write_bytes FrameBytes.exchange_delete(@id, name, if_unused, no_wait)
  expect :exchange_delete_ok unless no_wait
  nil
end

#exchange_unbind(source:, destination:, binding_key:, arguments: {}) ⇒ nil

Unbind an exchange from another exchange

Parameters:

  • source (String)

    Name of the source exchange

  • destination (String)

    Name of the destination exchange

  • binding_key (String)

    Binding key which the queue is bound to the exchange with

  • arguments (Hash) (defaults to: {})

    Arguments matching the binding that’s being removed

Returns:

  • (nil)


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# File 'lib/amqp/client/channel.rb', line 147

def exchange_unbind(source:, destination:, binding_key:, arguments: {})
  write_bytes FrameBytes.exchange_unbind(@id, destination, source, binding_key, false, arguments)
  expect :exchange_unbind_ok
  nil
end

#on_return {|ReturnMessage| ... } ⇒ Object

Handle returned messages in this block. If not set the message will just be logged to STDERR

Yields:

  • (ReturnMessage)

    Messages returned by the broker when a publish has failed

Returns:

  • nil



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# File 'lib/amqp/client/channel.rb', line 95

def on_return(&block)
  @on_return = block
  nil
end

#queue_bind(name, exchange:, binding_key: "", arguments: {}) ⇒ nil

Bind a queue to an exchange

Parameters:

  • name (String)

    Name of the queue

  • exchange (String)

    Name of the exchange

  • binding_key (String) (defaults to: "")

    Binding key on which messages that match might be routed (depending on exchange type)

  • arguments (Hash) (defaults to: {})

    Message headers to match on, but only when bound to header exchanges

Returns:

  • (nil)


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# File 'lib/amqp/client/channel.rb', line 205

def queue_bind(name, exchange:, binding_key: "", arguments: {})
  write_bytes FrameBytes.queue_bind(@id, name, exchange, binding_key, false, arguments)
  expect :queue_bind_ok
  nil
end

#queue_declare(name = "", passive: false, durable: true, exclusive: false, auto_delete: false, arguments: {}) ⇒ QueueOk

Create a queue (operation is idempotent)

Parameters:

  • name (String) (defaults to: "")

    Name of the queue, can be empty, but will then be generated by the broker

  • passive (Boolean) (defaults to: false)

    If true an exception will be raised if the queue doesn’t already exists

  • durable (Boolean) (defaults to: true)

    If true the queue will survive broker restarts, messages in the queue will only survive if they are published as persistent

  • exclusive (Boolean) (defaults to: false)

    If true the queue will be deleted when the connection is closed

  • auto_delete (Boolean) (defaults to: false)

    If true the queue will be deleted when the last consumer stops consuming (it won’t be deleted until at least one consumer has consumed from it)

  • arguments (Hash) (defaults to: {})

    Custom arguments, such as queue-ttl etc.

Returns:



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# File 'lib/amqp/client/channel.rb', line 175

def queue_declare(name = "", passive: false, durable: true, exclusive: false, auto_delete: false, arguments: {})
  durable = false if name.empty?
  exclusive = true if name.empty?
  auto_delete = true if name.empty?

  write_bytes FrameBytes.queue_declare(@id, name, passive, durable, exclusive, auto_delete, arguments)
  name, message_count, consumer_count = expect(:queue_declare_ok)

  QueueOk.new(name, message_count, consumer_count)
end

#queue_delete(name, if_unused: false, if_empty: false, no_wait: false) ⇒ Integer?

Delete a queue

Parameters:

  • name (String)

    Name of the queue

  • if_unused (Boolean) (defaults to: false)

    Only delete if the queue doesn’t have consumers, raises a ChannelClosed error otherwise

  • if_empty (Boolean) (defaults to: false)

    Only delete if the queue is empty, raises a ChannelClosed error otherwise

  • no_wait (Boolean) (defaults to: false)

    Don’t wait for a broker confirmation if true

Returns:

  • (Integer)

    Number of messages in queue when deleted

  • (nil)

    If no_wait was set true



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# File 'lib/amqp/client/channel.rb', line 193

def queue_delete(name, if_unused: false, if_empty: false, no_wait: false)
  write_bytes FrameBytes.queue_delete(@id, name, if_unused, if_empty, no_wait)
  message_count, = expect :queue_delete unless no_wait
  message_count
end

#queue_purge(name, no_wait: false) ⇒ Integer?

Purge a queue

Parameters:

  • name (String)

    Name of the queue

  • no_wait (Boolean) (defaults to: false)

    Don’t wait for a broker confirmation if true

Returns:

  • (Integer)

    Number of messages in queue when purged

  • (nil)

    If no_wait was set true



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# File 'lib/amqp/client/channel.rb', line 216

def queue_purge(name, no_wait: false)
  write_bytes FrameBytes.queue_purge(@id, name, no_wait)
  message_count, = expect :queue_purge_ok unless no_wait
  message_count
end

#queue_unbind(name, exchange:, binding_key: "", arguments: {}) ⇒ nil

Unbind a queue from an exchange

Parameters:

  • name (String)

    Name of the queue

  • exchange (String)

    Name of the exchange

  • binding_key (String) (defaults to: "")

    Binding key which the queue is bound to the exchange with

  • arguments (Hash) (defaults to: {})

    Arguments matching the binding that’s being removed

Returns:

  • (nil)


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# File 'lib/amqp/client/channel.rb', line 228

def queue_unbind(name, exchange:, binding_key: "", arguments: {})
  write_bytes FrameBytes.queue_unbind(@id, name, exchange, binding_key, arguments)
  expect :queue_unbind_ok
  nil
end

#tx_commitnil

Commmit a transaction, requires that the channel is in transaction mode

Returns:

  • (nil)


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# File 'lib/amqp/client/channel.rb', line 509

def tx_commit
  write_bytes FrameBytes.tx_commit(@id)
  expect :tx_commit_ok
  nil
end

#tx_rollbacknil

Rollback a transaction, requires that the channel is in transaction mode

Returns:

  • (nil)


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# File 'lib/amqp/client/channel.rb', line 517

def tx_rollback
  write_bytes FrameBytes.tx_rollback(@id)
  expect :tx_rollback_ok
  nil
end

#tx_selectnil

Put the channel in transaction mode, make sure that you #tx_commit or #tx_rollback after publish

Returns:

  • (nil)


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# File 'lib/amqp/client/channel.rb', line 501

def tx_select
  write_bytes FrameBytes.tx_select(@id)
  expect :tx_select_ok
  nil
end

#wait_for_confirmsBoolean

Block until all publishes messages are confirmed

Returns:

  • (Boolean)

    True if all messages were acked, false if any were nacked



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# File 'lib/amqp/client/channel.rb', line 467

def wait_for_confirms
  @unconfirmed_lock.synchronize do
    until @unconfirmed.empty?
      @unconfirmed_empty.wait(@unconfirmed_lock)
      raise Error::Closed.new(@id, *@closed) if @closed
    end
    result = !@nacked
    @nacked = false # Reset for next round of publishes
    result
  end
end